1. Perception layer (the antennae for data collection
The perception layer is the nerve endings of the system, deployed at each key node of the power distribution site, responsible for collecting all necessary electrical and non-electrical data.
Main equipment
⦁ Youdaoplaceholder0 Intelligent power meter: used to monitor all electrical parameters of the circuit, including voltage, current, power,± power factor, energy, frequency, etc.
⦁ Intelligent circuit breaker/integrated protection device: Collects the opening and closing status of switches, fault alarm information (such as overcurrentπ, short circuit, leakage), and can receive remote contr∞ol instructions.
⦁ Electric energy meter: It conducts high-precision electric energy measurement and provides a ba×sis for energy management and billing.
⦁ Environmental sensors: Monitor the temperature, humidity, water immersion, smoke detection,$ access control status, etc. in the distribution room to eγnsure the safety of the equipment operating environment.
⦁ Other specialized sensors: such as wireless sensors for cable joint temperature measurement, partial discharge monit★oring devices, etc., are used for predictive mainte×nance.
Technical features
Multi-protocol compatibility: The communication protocols of the underlying devices are diverse, such as Modbus-RTU, Modbus-TCP, ¶DL/T645 (meter protocol), etc.
2.Network layer (the vein and core hub of data circulation
The network layer plays a crucial role in connecting the upper and lo✔wer layers, responsible for securely, reliably and efficiently transmitting t¶he data collected by the perception layer to the cloud platform♣ or local data center. Among them, the intelligent ♣gateway is the core and soul of this layer.
Core components and functions:
⦁ Intelligent gateway (core node) : It is far more than just a simple protocol converter, but a powerful¶ computing and control unit deployed on the edge side. Its ₹core function is reflected in:
⦁ Protocol Conversion and Unification (" Translator ") : The intelligent gateway is equipped with multiple protocol parsing engines and can commu÷nicate simultaneously with different brands and protocols ★of intelligent meters, sensors, and circuit breakers at the lower layer (such as ♥collecting protocol data like Modbus and DL/T645). And it is uniformly converted into standardi¥zed, platform-understandable data formats (such as MQTT, HTTP/HTTPS, JS≤ON, etc.), completely solving the common problem of "protocol islands" in the Inter₩net of Things.
⦁ Edge computing and data preprocessing (" local brain ") : The gateway has a certain computing power and can perform preprocessing on data before ÷uploading, which is one of its most core values.
⦁ Data cleaning and compression: Filter out invalid data, package and compress frequently colαlected data, significantly reducing network traffic and cloud storage p<ressure.
⦁ Edge alerts and logical execution: Built-in rule engine, capable of real-time judgment of data logic. For instance, when the current exceeds the set threshold, an alarm can be immediately iss↔ued locally or the circuit breaker can be directly linked for tripping with♠out waiting for cloud instructions. This greatly enhances the real-time performan®ce and reliability of the control, providing critical protection even in the event of n etwork interruption.
⦁ Data edge aggregation: Calculate real-time power, generate daily electricity consumption r←eports, etc., and directly provide result data to the platform.
⦁ Secure communication and link redundancy: As a security barrier between the internal network and the external network, the gateway supports φfunctions such as VPN and firewall to ensure data security. Meanwhile, it supports multi-net™work link backup (such as simultaneously inserting wired networks and β4G/5G SIM cards). When the primary network (optical• fiber) fails, it can automatically and seamlessly€ switch to the backup network to ensure the continuit<y of data transmission.
⦁ Equipment management and remote operation and maintenance: Engineers can remotely configure, upgrade firmware (OTA), restart and moni tor the remote gateway through the platform, which gr♣eatly reduces the cost and difficulty of on-site maintenance.
Communication network
⦁ Local wired network: Industrial Ethernet switches are adopted to form a reliable LAN within t≠he distribution room.
⦁ Wireless wide area network: In scenarios where wiring is inconvenient, 4G/5G net↕works are used as backhaul links to achieve flexible deployment.
⦁ Other technologies: LoRa, Wi-Fi, etc. can also be selected as supplements according to projec♦t requirements.
3. Platform Layer (The Center of Data and Capabilities
The platform layer serves as the data hub and capability foundation of the s✘ystem, typically taking the form of a cloud platform or local private deployment.
Core functions
⦁ Data storage: Receive and store massive Time-Series data from the entire gatewa<y, providing high-performance query capabilities.
⦁ Data modeling and analysis: Build digital twin models of equipment and conduct i↕n-depth analysis using big data and AI algorithms, such≥ as load forecasting, abnormal electricity usage diagnosis, and energy consumptio∏n pattern recognition, etc.
⦁ Device Management: Uniformly manage all connected gateways and terminal devices, and mon↑itor their online status and health conditions.
⦁ Alarm engine: Configure complex, cross-device alarm rules and notify o€peration and maintenance personnel through multiple methods (SMS, APP push, email).
⦁ API interface: Provide standardized apis to facilitate data integration and interaction with third♠-party systems such as ERP, MES, and IBMS.
4. Application Layer (Window for Value presentation)
The application layer is oriented towards end users, providing specific business func•tions and visual interfaces, and transforming data into insi ghts and value.
Typical application system：
⦁ Real-time monitoring large screen for power distribution: Visualized display of power grid structure, real-time operating parameters, equipment st×atus, alarm information, etc.
⦁ Energy efficiency management system: Conduct energy consumption statistics by item and region, generate energy cons'umption reports and trend analysis, and provide energy-saving optimization₩ suggestions.
⦁ Preventive maintenance system: Based on the historical data and real-time status of the equip✘ment, it predicts the equipment's lifespan, genera≥tes inspection and maintenance plans, and transform s "passive emergency repair" into "proactive operation and maintenance".
⦁ Mobile operation and maintenance APP: Enables operation and maintenance personnel to receive alerts, view data and perform₩ remote operations anytime and anywhere.
